Python basics

This notebook covers the basics of Python syntax.

# Example Python script
# Write comments like this

# Basic operators: +, -, *, /
#   Beware of integer division:
#     2/5 == 0
#     2.0/5 == 0.4
# Exponentiation: **
#   3**4 == 81
# String: "abc" or 'abc' (both are same)

print("Hello, World!")  # Prints a string to the console

Hello, World!

# Define function using def keyword
# Note the colon (:) at the end of the line
# Indentation by tab or space *but not both*
def func(arg):
    # string concatenation with + operator
    text = "Hello, " + arg + "!"
    print(text)


func("World")

Hello, World!

# for loop example
# range(n) creates a list [0, 1, ..., n-1]
for i in range(10):
    # if-else example
    if i % 2 == 0:
        # str() converts object into string
        print(str(i) + " is even")
    else:
        print(str(i) + " is odd")

0 is even
1 is odd
2 is even
3 is odd
4 is even
5 is odd
6 is even
7 is odd
8 is even
9 is odd

# for loop can work on any list
for elem in ["foo", 1234, "bar"]:
    print(elem)

foo
1234
bar

# while loop, break, continue
count = 0
while True:
    if count > 100:
        break
    count += 1  # count = count + 1
    if count % 10 != 0:
        continue
    print(count)

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